Toilets are notorious for their hidden leaks. Most toilet leaks are at the overflow pipe. If overflow is the problem, a screw or knob on the valve or valve column will adjust the float arm down so the valve shuts off the water about a half inch below the top of the overflow pipe. If that doesn't fix it, the valve may be worn and have to be replaced. If you're an experienced do-it-yourselfer you can do the job. Otherwise, call a plumber.

Flapper valve leaks aren't as easy to spot. The best way to check is to drop a little food coloring into a tankful of clear water to see if it shows up in the bowl after waiting about 10 minutes. If it does, the flapper valve needs replacing or the mechanism needs aligned. This too, is a relatively simple repair for a do-it-yourselfer.

The other most common leak is in faucets and is often caused by worn washers. Check all the faucets inside and outside the house once a year.

Quick Facts

Average loss of water-leaking faucets over a period of one month:

• 30 drops per minute
  54 gallons per month

• 60 drops per minute
  113 gallons per month

• 120 drops per minute
  237 gallons per month

• 1/2" stream of water
  1014 gallons per month

• 1 1/2" stream of water
  2202 gallons per month

Small continuous leaks will waste large amounts of water. In addition, leaks in hot-water lines will waste heat. Keep all valves and faucets tight. When a leak develops, replace faucet washers. If valve or faucets are damaged, replace faucet or valve assembly.

When shopping for new appliances, remember to ask for and purchase water-saving models.

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